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Steinernema cumgarense
Phan, Spiridonov, Subbotin & Moens, 2006
Description
Male
&=
nbsp; Body
C-shaped in heat-relaxed specimens, tapering towards anterior end. Annules
1-1.3 μm wide, indis=
tinct
under LM. No lateral fields visible but irregular anastomoses of cutic1e
annulation present along lateral body. Anterior extremity rounded with
f1attened area just around oral aperture. Six labial papillae and more
prominent cephalic papillae present. Cheilorhabdions thick, strongly
cuticularised, 2-3 μm long
ring 6-6.5 μm diam.
forming middle part of stoma. Additional thinner cuticular ring situated
posterior to thicker one, embedded into pharyngeal tissue. Corpus cylindric=
al,
without visible metacorpal swelling. Basal bulb subpyriform. Nerve ring
situated on anterior slope of basal bulb in most males. Valves in shape of
platelets of thin folded cutic1e. Cardia spherical, protruding for 18-22
&=
nbsp; Some measurements: Spicule length=
=3D 76
(68-81) μm, gubernaculum le=
ngth =3D
58 (48-66) μm, D% =3D 45 (35-52).
Female
Annules 1.5
μm wide, prominent near vulva lips. Cephalic extremity with six
labial and four cephalic papillae. Cuticular ring forming main part of stoma
walls 5-6 μm thick a=
nd
7-7.5 μm long. Stoma=
tal
cavity 10 μm wide. E=
xcretory
duct strongly cuticularized, entering body at almost 90° to the
longitudinal axis. Vulva equatorial, epiptygmata present. Vulva lips equal =
in
size, protruding up to 20-25 =
56;m.
Tail terminus dome-shaped, bearing peg-like, 3-5 μm long, mucron.
Infective juvenile
Body of heat-relaxed juveniles moderately C-shaped,
tapering towards anterior end. Annules 1
μm wide visible throughout body. Lateral field in anterior half=
of
body with four ridges, two pronounced marginal ridges and poorly discernible
submarginal lines. Such regular pattern not observed in posterior half of b=
ody,
with ventral gap between central and marginal ridges disappearing. Lateral
field 8.5-9.5 μm wid=
e at
mid-body. Cuticle swollen near anterior end forming 4-5 μm long cephalic capsule. Frontal surface or anterior =
end
always regularly rounded. Labial papillae indistinct, four cephalic papillae
and amphidial pouches occasionally visible. Corpus slender anteriorly, slig=
htly
widening to metacorpal part. Nerve ring always located about corpus-isthmus
junction. Hemizonid in isthmus level. Basal bulb with poorly visible valves=
and
large nucleus in dorsal anterior half. Cardia about 10 μm long, narrowing to posterior end. Bacterial vesicle
elliptical, 10-13 μm=
long
and 5-6 μm width. Re=
ctum about
two anal body width long. Genital primordium 50 μm long. Phasmids at one-third of tail length posterio=
r to
anus (phasmid - mucron distance about 25-26 μm), with aperture near ventral edge of ventral
marginal line. Lateral field lines disappearing at level of phasmids. Tail =
with
pronounced ventral concavity, ventrally curved with terminus pointed to fin=
ely
rounded. Hyaline region comprising about half of tail length.
Some measurements=
: L =
=3D 402
(384-432) μm, EP =3D 35 (33=
-38)
μm, T =3D 36 (34-38) μm, D% =3D 41 (38-43), E% =3D 99 (87-103).=
span>
Type host and locality
Natu=
ral host
unknown as nematodes were obtained by Galleria mellonella baiting
method. Collected near the village Cu M'Gar in the Daklak
Type material
Holo=
type
male and seven paratype males deposited at
Relationships
Male=
s have
two papilla-like structures on the cloacal margin, the spicules have an
elongate manubrium and developed rostrum and there is a short, spike-like,
caudal mucron in both generations. The first generation female has a
dome-shaped tail and a minute, peg-like, mucron. Epiptygmata are present. T=
he
infective juveniles belong to the shortest group with an average body lengt=
h of
402 μm and the hyaline region
comprises about half of the tail length. The lateral fiel=
ds
have four ridges in the mid-body region.
&=
nbsp; In I=
J body
length, this species is similar to S. eapokense (L =3D 402
(370-434) μm) and S.
siamkayai (L =3D 446 (308-495)
μm), but is shorter than S. sasonense (L =3D 471
(437-516) μm), S<=
/i>. carpocapsae
(L =3D 546 (427-640) μm=
),
S. scapterisci (L =3D 572 (517-609) μm), and S. tami (L =3D 530 (400-600)
This species can be distinguished from the closely
related S. eapokense by the D% value (38-43 vs 32-37) =
and
hyaline region of the IJ tail which is 38 (38-43) vs 53 (47-57)%. Th=
e IJ
of S. cumgarense has a thicker body than S. siamkayai (17-19 vs 19-23 μm). Steinernema cumgarense differs from=
S. backanense by the length=
of
the spicule and gubernaculum (68-81 vs
53-62 μm and =
48-66 vs 36-48 μm, respectively). The IJ also differs from S. sasonense by the shorter
pharynx length (80-91 vs 94-104=
μm) and shorter ta=
il
length (34-38 vs 43-49 μm).
Molecular characterisation
S=
teinernema
cumgarense is characterised by seque=
nce
lengths of ITS regions (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) bp, ITS1 =3D 269 bp, ITS2 =3D 3=
06 bp
and its composition, A =3D 0.22877, C =3D 0.16301, G =3D 0.21917, T =3D 0.3=
8901. The
sequence of ITS regions is deposited in GenBank under accession no. =
AY487920.
Phan, K.L., Spiridon=
ov,
S.E.,